Joaquim Maria Machado de Assis (Rio de Janeiro, June 21, 1839 - Rio de Janeiro, September 29, 1908) was a Brazilian writer, widely regarded as the biggest name in national literature. He wrote in virtually all literary genres, being a poet, novelist, columnist, playwright, short story writer, journalist and literary critic. Witnessed political change in the country when the Republic replaced the Empire and was a great commentator and reporter of the socio-political events of his time.
Born in Morro do Livramento, Rio de Janeiro, from a poor family, poorly educated in public schools and never attended university. Biographers note that interested in the bohemian and the court, struggled to climb socially filling up of intellectual superiority. For that, held several public offices, through the Ministry of Agriculture, Trade and Public Works, and achieving early notoriety in newspapers which published his first poems and chronicles. In his maturity, meeting next to colleagues, he founded and was the unanimous first president of the Brazilian Academy of Letters.
His extensive work consists of nine novels and plays, 200 short stories, five collections of poems and sonnets, and more than 600 diseases. Machado de Assis is considered the introducer of Realism in Brazil, with the publication of Memórias Póstumas de Bras Cubas. This novel is set next to all his productions later, Quincas Borba, Dom Casmurro, Esau and Jacob and Memorial de Aires, orthodoxy known as belonging to its second phase, which features note of pessimism and irony, though there is no disruption of waste romantic. In this phase, the critics point out that his best works are the trilogy of realistic. Its first stage consists of literary works such as Resurrection, A Mão e a Luva, Helena e laiá Garcia, where notice is inherited characteristics of Romanticism, or "conventional", as he prefers to modern criticism.
His work was of fundamental importance for the Brazilian literary schools of the nineteenth and twentieth century and stands today as a major public and academic interest. Influenced big names of the letters, as Olav Bilaspur, Lima Barreto, Drummond de Andrade, John Barth, Donald Barthelme and others. In his lifetime, achieved relative fame and prestige for Brazil, but has not enjoyed popularity abroad at the time. Today, for its innovation and boldness in early issues, is often seen as the Brazilian writer unprecedented production, so that, recently, his name and work have achieved a number of critics, scholars and admirers worldwide. Machado de Assis is considered one of the great geniuses in the history of literature, along with authors such as Dante, Shakespeare and Camões.
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